TRAVEL

MARSAXLOKK

Even while we were still on the plane, looking through a guidebook to Malta, we decided that it would be nice to visit Marsaxlokk. It is an old, traditional fishing village on Maltaโ€™s south-eastern coast, best known for its picturesque harbour, colourful fishing boats and Sunday market. Fish and local produce can be bought here at almost every turn.

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Jeszcze w samolocie, kiedy oglฤ…daliล›my przewodnik po Malcie, postanowiliล›my, ลผe fajnie byล‚oby pojechaฤ‡ do Marsaxlokk. To stara, tradycyjna wioska rybacka na poล‚udniowo-wschodnim wybrzeลผu Malty, znana przede wszystkim z malowniczego portu, kolorowych ล‚odzi rybackich i niedzielnego targu. Ryby i lokalne produkty moลผna tu kupiฤ‡ niemal na kaลผdym kroku.

A fish market by the harbour | Targ rybny na brzegu

But the market was not what we were going there for. Our reason was much more prosaic, and at the same time considerably more peculiar. The name: Marsaxlokk. We simply had to find out how it was actually pronounced.
The name looked so exotic that it might have been lifted straight out of a Thorgal comic. That was the association it brought to mind for us, as long-time fans of The Land of Qa. It sounded slightly magical, slightly ancient, and slightly as though it belonged to another world.
And yet Maltese turned out to be surprisingly logical in this respect. Unlike English, its spelling is relatively phonetic, although, of course, that does not mean that every letter always and invariably corresponds to a single sound. Our guide had simplified things somewhat.
The Maltese have their own alphabet based on the Latin alphabet, but with a few distinctive additions. Officially, it consists of 30 graphemes, including ฤ‹, ฤก, gฤง, ฤง, ie and ลผ. One of the letters is x, which in Maltese is pronounced like the Polish sz, or [สƒ]. And suddenly the exotic-looking Marsaxlokk starts to sound rather familiar: more or less Marsaszlok. In phonetic transcription, it can be rendered as /mar.saสƒหˆlษ”k/.
Interestingly, the name itself is not simply a random jumble of exotic-looking letters. It consists of two parts: marsa, meaning a harbour or anchorage (as in Marseille) and xlokk, meaning south-east. Xlokk is also associated with the name sirocco, the hot wind that blows from the south-east. So Marsaxlokk is, in a sense, simply โ€˜the harbour of the south-eastโ€™.

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Ale my wcale nie jechaliล›my tam dla targu. Powรณd byล‚ znacznie bardziej prozaiczny, a jednoczeล›nie bardziej osobliwy. Nazwa: Marsaxlokk. Trzeba byล‚o koniecznie sprawdziฤ‡, jak to siฤ™ wล‚aล›ciwie wymawia. Nazwa wyglฤ…daล‚a tak egzotycznie, jakby zostaล‚a wyjฤ™ta prosto z komiksu o Thorgalu. Tak nam siฤ™ skojarzyล‚a jako dawnym fanom Krainy Qa. Trochฤ™ magiczna, trochฤ™ antyczna, trochฤ™ nie z tego ล›wiata. A tymczasem maltaล„ski okazaล‚ siฤ™ pod tym wzglฤ™dem zaskakujฤ…co logiczny. W odrรณลผnieniu od angielskiego jego zapis jest stosunkowo fonetyczny, choฤ‡ oczywiล›cie nie oznacza to, ลผe kaลผda litera zawsze i bez wyjฤ…tku odpowiada jednemu dลบwiฤ™kowi. Nasz przewodnik trochฤ™ to uproล›ciล‚. Maltaล„czycy majฤ… zresztฤ… wล‚asny alfabet oparty na alfabecie ล‚aciล„skim, ale wzbogacony o kilka charakterystycznych znakรณw. Oficjalnie liczy on 30 grafemรณw, wล›rรณd ktรณrych sฤ… miฤ™dzy innymi ฤ‹, ฤก, gฤง, ฤง, ie i ลผ. Jednฤ… z liter jest teลผ x, ktรณre w maltaล„skim wymawia siฤ™ jak polskie โ€žszโ€, czyli [สƒ]. I nagle caล‚e to egzotyczne Marsaxlokk zaczyna brzmieฤ‡ swojsko: mniej wiฤ™cej Marsaszlok. W zapisie fonetycznym moลผna to oddaฤ‡ jako /mar.saสƒหˆlษ”k/. Co ciekawe, sama nazwa nie jest wcale przypadkowym zlepkiem egzotycznie wyglฤ…dajฤ…cych liter. Skล‚ada siฤ™ z dwรณch czฤ™ล›ci: marsa, oznaczajฤ…cej port lub przystaล„, (podobnie jak Marsylia) oraz xlokk, czyli poล‚udniowy wschรณd. Xlokk wiฤ…ลผe siฤ™ teลผ z nazwฤ… sirocco, gorฤ…cego wiatru wiejฤ…cego z poล‚udniowego wschodu. Czyli Marsaxlokk to w pewnym sensie po prostu โ€žport poล‚udniowego wschoduโ€.

In the village | W miasteczku

Maltese is a European language that, at first glance, looks a little like a mixture of Italian, English and Arabic, when in fact it is a Semitic language. It is the only Semitic language that is an official language of the European Union, and the only Semitic language written in the Latin alphabet. Its structure therefore has more in common with Arabic than with Italian or English, although centuries of contact have also left it with numerous Italian and English influences.

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Maltaล„ski jest jฤ™zykiem europejskim, ktรณry na pierwszy rzut oka wyglฤ…da trochฤ™ jak mieszanka wล‚oskiego, angielskiego i arabskiego, a w rzeczywistoล›ci jest jฤ™zykiem semickim. Jest jedynym jฤ™zykiem semickim bฤ™dฤ…cym jฤ™zykiem urzฤ™dowym Unii Europejskiej i jedynym jฤ™zykiem semickim zapisywanym alfabetem ล‚aciล„skim. Jego struktura ma wiฤ™c wiฤ™cej wspรณlnego z arabskim niลผ z wล‚oskim czy angielskim, choฤ‡ przez wieki znalazล‚y siฤ™ w nim rรณwnieลผ bardzo liczne wpล‚ywy wล‚oskie i angielskie.

Port

Several characters in Maltese immediately reveal just how different the language is. ฤŠ sounds like the cz in Polish, ฤก like dลผ, j like the Polish j, roughly the sound of the English y in yes, while ฤง is a strong, guttural h. Particularly mysterious is gฤง. Historically, this was the spelling of a distinctive Semitic consonant which, in modern Maltese, is often no longer pronounced as a separate sound. It still affects the pronunciation of neighbouring vowels, however, and remains an important part of Maltese orthography.
There is also q, which looks completely harmless to a Pole but in Maltese represents a glottal stop, a sound similar to one that occurs in some languages in place of a consonant. And then there is ie, which is treated as a single vowel even though it is written with two letters.
And one more thing: ลผ. This is where a Pole might briefly feel at home. Except that the similarity is somewhat deceptive. Maltese ลผ represents the sound [z], our ordinary z, rather than the Polish ลผ. Meanwhile, Maltese z can represent either [ts] or [dz], depending on the word.
In other words, even when the alphabet looks familiar, you cannot always trust it.
Take Maltese ลผona, for example. A Pole looks at it and thinks: โ€˜Well, surely this word needs no explanation.โ€™ And yet it does. Maltese ลผ is pronounced like the Polish z, so ลผona sounds roughly like zona and means โ€˜areaโ€™ or โ€˜zoneโ€™. Thus, for example, ลผona industrijali simply means an industrial area.

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W maltaล„skim kilka znakรณw od razu zdradza tฤ™ odmiennoล›ฤ‡. ฤŠ brzmi jak polskie โ€žczโ€, ฤก jak โ€ždลผโ€, j jak nasze โ€žjโ€, czyli mniej wiฤ™cej angielskie y w yes, a ฤง jest mocnym, gardล‚owym โ€žhโ€. Szczegรณlnie zagadkowe jest gฤง. To historyczny zapis charakterystycznej spรณล‚gล‚oski semickiej, ktรณra we wspรณล‚czesnym maltaล„skim czฤ™sto nie jest juลผ wymawiana jako osobny dลบwiฤ™k, ale nadal wpล‚ywa na wymowฤ™ sฤ…siednich samogล‚osek i pozostaje waลผnym elementem ortografii. Jest teลผ q, ktรณre dla Polaka wyglฤ…da zupeล‚nie niewinnie, a w maltaล„skim oznacza zwarcie krtaniowe, dลบwiฤ™k podobny do tego, ktรณry w niektรณrych jฤ™zykach pojawia siฤ™ zamiast spรณล‚gล‚oski. Z kolei ie traktowane jest jako jedna samogล‚oska, mimo ลผe zapisuje siฤ™ jฤ… dwoma literami.
I jeszcze jedno: ลผ. Tu Polak moลผe poczuฤ‡ siฤ™ przez chwilฤ™ jak u siebie. Tyle ลผe to podobieล„stwo jest trochฤ™ zdradliwe. Maltaล„skie ลผ oznacza dลบwiฤ™k [z], czyli nasze zwykล‚e โ€žzโ€, a nie polskie โ€žลผโ€. Z kolei maltaล„skie z moลผe oznaczaฤ‡ [ts] albo [dz], zaleลผnie od wyrazu. Innymi sล‚owy: nawet kiedy alfabet wyglฤ…da znajomo, nie zawsze moลผemy mu ufaฤ‡. Weลบmy choฤ‡by maltaล„skie ลผona. Polak patrzy i myล›li: โ€žNo dobrze, tego sล‚owa chyba nie trzeba nikomu tล‚umaczyฤ‡โ€. A jednak trzeba. Maltaล„skie ลผ wymawia siฤ™ jak polskie โ€žzโ€, wiฤ™c ลผona brzmi mniej wiฤ™cej zona i oznacza obszar. Wiฤ™c, na przykล‚ad ลผona industrijali to po prostu teren czy obszar przemysล‚owy.

On the street | Na ulicy

Although names such as Marsaxlokk, Birลผebbuฤกa, Gฤงargฤงur, Xgฤงajra and ลปurrieq initially look like spells from a fantasy novel, once you learn a few basic pronunciation rules, they lose some of their mystery.
Which is a shame, really, because โ€˜Marsaxlokkโ€™ sounds as though a warrior carrying a sword ought to appear at any moment, followed by a mysterious portal to another world.
The town itself turned out to be considerably more down-to-earth and very Maltese. It was crowded, noisy and colourful, probably partly because we had arrived around market time. Restaurants line the waterfront, with tables spilling out onto the pavement, while in front of them lies a harbour full of traditional Maltese fishing boats: the distinctive luzzus, with the Eye of Osiris painted on their bows. The sea is really part of the town here. You do not simply look at it from a distance; it is constantly right there, within armโ€™s reach.

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Choฤ‡ nazwy jak Marsaxlokk, Birลผebbuฤกa, Gฤงargฤงur, Xgฤงajra czy ลปurrieq poczฤ…tkowo wyglฤ…dajฤ… jak zaklฤ™cia z fantasy, to po poznaniu kilku zasad wymowy tracฤ… trochฤ™ ze swojej tajemniczoล›ci. A szkoda, bo โ€žMarsaxlokkโ€ brzmi przecieลผ tak, jakby za chwilฤ™ miaล‚ siฤ™ pojawiฤ‡ jakiล› wojownik z mieczem i tajemniczy portal do innego ล›wiata.
Samo miasteczko okazaล‚o siฤ™ znacznie bardziej przyziemne i bardzo maltaล„skie. Byล‚o tล‚oczno, gwarno i kolorowo, zapewne takลผe dlatego, ลผe trafiliล›my w okolice targu. Wzdล‚uลผ nadbrzeลผa ciฤ…gnฤ… siฤ™ restauracje z wystawionymi na chodnik stolikami, a przed nimi rozciฤ…ga siฤ™ port peล‚en tradycyjnych maltaล„skich ล‚odzi rybackich, charakterystycznych luzzรณw z okiem Ozyrysa na burcie. Morze jest tu wล‚aล›ciwie czฤ™ล›ciฤ… miasteczka, nie oglฤ…da siฤ™ go z oddali, tylko caล‚y czas ma siฤ™ je na wyciฤ…gniฤ™cie rฤ™ki.

The luzzu, a traditional Maltese fishing boat | Luzzu, maltaล„ska ล‚รณdลบ rybacka

The church in the centre naturally catches the eye. Malta is truly remarkable in this respect. Its churches are not only numerous; they often dominate the towns around them, standing right in the centre, along the main streets, with their distinctive faรงades and domes.
This is hardly surprising. Catholicism has played a very important role in the history and culture of the country. The sheer scale of it is impressive. Apparently, there are more than 300 churches and chapels across the Maltese islands, which means that visiting one a day would take almost an entire year.

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Uwagฤ™ zwiedzajฤ…cych zwraca oczywiล›cie koล›ciรณล‚ w centrum. Malta jest pod tym wzglฤ™dem naprawdฤ™ niezwykล‚a. Koล›cioล‚y sฤ… nie tylko liczne, ale czฤ™sto dominujฤ… nad zabudowฤ… miejscowoล›ci, stojฤ… w samym centrum, przy gล‚รณwnych ulicach, z charakterystycznymi fasadami i kopuล‚ami. Nie jest to zresztฤ… przypadek. Katolicyzm odgrywa bardzo waลผnฤ… rolฤ™ w historii i kulturze kraju. Skala tego zjawiska robi wraลผenie. Podobno na wyspach znajduje siฤ™ ponad 300 koล›cioล‚รณw i kaplic, wiฤ™c odwiedzanie jednego dziennie zajฤ™ล‚oby wiฤ™c niemal caล‚y rok.

Sanctuary of Our Lady of Pompei | Sanktuarium Matki Boลผej z Pompei 
Inside the church | W koล›ciele
Dome | Kopuล‚a